Houseplants that Thrive in Aquatic Gardens

Aquatic gardening is an innovative and engaging way to bring the beauty of nature indoors, transforming traditional houseplants into stunning water-grown displays. Whether you’re looking to reduce the mess of soil-based gardening or simply want to explore a new method of plant care, growing plants in water offers a unique alternative that’s both low-maintenance and visually appealing. From popular favorites like Pothos and Spider Plants to more unexpected choices like philodendrons and ZZ Plants, there are numerous houseplants that can thrive in an aquatic environment. In this guide, we’ll explore the basics of aquatic plant care, highlight the best plants for water-based growth, and even discuss how to enhance your system with the addition of fish. Plus, we’ll point you to some great plants on our retail site that are perfect for starting your own aquatic garden.

(We want to take a moment to let you know that this article includes affiliate links to products we love and recommend. If you decide to make a purchase through one of these links, we earn a small commission at no extra cost to you. This helps us keep our little business growing and continuing to bring you great content like this. Thank you for your support and happy gardening!)

The Basics of Aquatic Growth

Aquatic growth refers to the ability of certain plants to thrive when their roots are submerged in water rather than anchored in soil. Unlike soil-based growth, where plants derive nutrients from the earth, aquatic plants rely on water to deliver essential nutrients directly to their roots. This method of growth can offer several benefits, including a cleaner environment since there’s no soil to spill or attract pests. The absence of soil also minimizes the chance of soil-borne diseases, making maintenance simpler and more manageable. Overall, growing plants in water can be an effective and visually appealing way to enjoy greenery with less hassle.

3 Popular Houseplants Suited for Aquatic Growth

Pothos (Epipremnum aureum):

Pothos, also known as Devil’s Ivy, is a favorite among plant enthusiasts for its remarkable adaptability and ease of care. This plant is particularly well-suited for aquatic growth due to its ability to propagate quickly in water. When cuttings of Pothos are placed in water, they develop a robust root system that supports healthy growth even without soil. This plant is highly adaptable to various light conditions, thriving in both bright, indirect light and low-light environments, making it an excellent choice for beginners. To care for Pothos in water, it’s essential to change the water every 2-3 weeks to prevent stagnation and ensure the plant receives sufficient oxygen. Additionally, adding a few drops of liquid fertilizer once a month can help maintain its vibrant green foliage

Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum):

The Spider Plant is another resilient houseplant that performs exceptionally well in water. Known for its long, arching leaves and tiny plantlets, or “spiderettes,” this plant can easily adapt to aquatic conditions. Its roots are naturally strong and can tolerate being submerged in water for extended periods without suffering from rot. Spider Plants are low-maintenance and can grow in a wide range of light conditions, although they prefer bright, indirect light. When growing Spider Plants in water, it’s important to maintain water levels just below the base of the plant to prevent the leaves from sitting in water, which could cause rot. Regularly changing the water and ensuring proper light exposure will encourage the plant to produce more spiderettes, enhancing its aesthetic appeal.

Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum spp.):

Peace Lilies are renowned for their elegant white blooms and ability to purify indoor air. While they are traditionally grown in soil, they can also adapt to an aquatic environment, particularly because they naturally thrive in humid conditions. Peace Lilies are capable of drawing moisture and nutrients directly from water, making them ideal for hydroponic systems or simple water-based setups. To care for a Peace Lily in water, it’s crucial to use clean, filtered water to avoid the buildup of salts and chemicals that can harm the plant. These plants prefer indirect light, as direct sunlight can scorch their leaves. With the right care, Peace Lilies may even bloom in water, adding a touch of elegance to any room. Regular water changes and occasional fertilization will help keep the plant healthy and encourage blooming.

3 Uncommon Houseplants That Can Thrive in Water

Philodendron (Philodendron spp.):

Philodendrons are a diverse group of plants known for their lush, green foliage and ability to thrive in various conditions, including water. Their versatility makes them particularly well-suited for aquatic growth, as they can easily develop strong root systems when propagated in water. Philodendrons are resilient and can maintain healthy growth even with minimal care, making them an excellent choice for those looking to add greenery to their space with minimal effort. To care for Philodendrons in water, it’s important to change the water every couple of weeks to prevent stagnation and algae buildup. Providing the plant with a balanced liquid fertilizer every month or so will ensure it gets the nutrients it needs to continue thriving. Philodendrons prefer bright, indirect light, but they can also tolerate lower light conditions, making them adaptable to a variety of indoor environments.

Chinese Evergreen (Aglaonema spp.):

Chinese Evergreens are well-known for their stunning foliage and remarkable tolerance to low light conditions, making them a popular choice for indoor gardening. While they are typically grown in soil, these plants can also root and thrive in water, making them an interesting choice for hydroponic setups or decorative water displays. Their roots are capable of adapting to aquatic environments, provided they are given clean water and proper care. To keep a Chinese Evergreen healthy in water, it’s important to manage water cleanliness by changing it regularly and ensuring it stays free of debris. While these plants do well in low light, they will also appreciate moderate, indirect light, which can help enhance their leaf coloration. Preventing root rot is crucial, so it’s important to avoid overcrowding the plant in its container and ensure good airflow around the roots.

ZZ Plant (Zamioculcas zamiifolia):

The ZZ Plant is often celebrated for its ability to survive in low water conditions, but it can also adapt surprisingly well to aquatic environments. This plant’s thick, waxy leaves and sturdy rhizomes make it incredibly resilient, even when its roots are fully submerged in water. The ZZ Plant’s slow growth and low-maintenance nature make it a great candidate for water culture, where it can add a sleek, modern touch to any indoor space. When growing a ZZ Plant in water, it’s crucial to maintain stable water levels, keeping the rhizomes just above the waterline to prevent rot while allowing the roots to remain submerged. The plant prefers indirect light, so placing it in a well-lit but not overly bright area will help it maintain its glossy leaves. Since the ZZ Plant grows slowly, it won’t require frequent nutrient supplementation, but adding a diluted liquid fertilizer every few months can help keep it healthy over time.

Setting Up an Aquatic Plant System

Choosing the Right Container:

Selecting the appropriate container is crucial for a successful aquatic plant system. The container not only serves as a vessel for the water but also as a key component of your interior decor. Glass jars and vases are popular choices due to their transparency, which allows you to monitor root growth and water clarity easily. The size of the container should be chosen based on the plant’s root system and growth potential; smaller plants can thrive in compact jars, while larger species may require more spacious vases, aquariums or even specialized aquatic planters designed for hydroponics. These planters often include features like built-in water reservoirs or air pumps, which can enhance plant health by ensuring consistent water levels and oxygenation. When choosing a container, also consider its shape—narrow necks can help hold plants upright, while wider openings may be necessary for larger root masses

Preparing Your Plants:

Transitioning plants from soil to water requires careful preparation to ensure they adapt well to their new environment. Start by gently removing the plant from its pot and carefully washing away all soil from the roots. This process is critical because any remaining soil can introduce bacteria or pests into the water, leading to potential problems like root rot. After thoroughly cleaning the roots, inspect them for any signs of damage or decay and trim away any unhealthy parts. If the plant has an extensive root system, you may need to prune it back to encourage new, water-adapted root growth. Once prepared, place the plant in your chosen container, making sure that only the roots are submerged in water, leaving the foliage above the waterline to prevent rot. Some plants may experience a brief period of adjustment, during which they might lose a few leaves—this is normal and should resolve as the plant adapts.

Maintaining Your Aquatic System:

Proper maintenance is key to keeping your aquatic plant system healthy and vibrant. Regular water changes are essential to prevent the buildup of harmful bacteria, algae, and mineral deposits. Aim to change the water every 1-2 weeks, depending on the size of the container and the specific needs of the plant. When changing the water, use filtered or distilled water to avoid introducing chemicals, like chlorine, that could harm the plant. In addition to water changes, providing nutrient solutions is important, as water alone doesn’t contain all the nutrients plants typically get from soil. You can add a liquid fertilizer specifically designed for hydroponic systems, following the recommended dosage to avoid overfeeding. Monitoring plant health is another critical aspect of maintenance—keep an eye on the leaves and roots for any signs of distress, such as yellowing, wilting, or rot. Adjust the plant’s light exposure and water quality as needed to address any issues.

The Added Benefits of Including Fish in the Aquatic System

Natural Fertilization:

One of the most significant benefits of adding fish to your aquatic plant system is the natural fertilization they provide. Fish produce waste that is rich in nutrients, particularly nitrogen in the form of ammonia. Beneficial bacteria in the water convert this ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates, which are essential nutrients that plants need to grow. This natural fertilization process can reduce or even eliminate the need for supplemental fertilizers, creating a more self-sustaining ecosystem. The result is healthier, more vibrant plants that benefit from a constant supply of essential nutrients directly from the fish.

Enhanced Aesthetics:

Including fish in your aquatic plant system not only boosts plant health but also enhances the visual appeal of your setup. The movement of fish adds life and dynamism to the system, creating a soothing and captivating environment. The combination of greenery and aquatic life can transform a simple plant display into a miniature ecosystem that serves as a focal point in any room. Fish like bettas, guppies, or small goldfish are popular choices for such setups, as they are relatively low-maintenance and can thrive in similar water conditions as the plants.

Improved Water Quality:

Fish contribute to maintaining water quality in an aquatic plant system. By naturally stirring the water, fish help prevent stagnation, which can reduce the risk of algae growth and the buildup of harmful bacteria. Additionally, the interaction between fish waste and plant roots can create a balanced environment where the plants help to filter the water, removing toxins and keeping it clean for the fish. This symbiotic relationship not only supports the health of both plants and fish but also reduces the amount of maintenance required to keep the system running smoothly.

Educational Value:

An aquatic plant system that includes fish offers an excellent opportunity for learning, particularly about ecosystems and the interdependence of different organisms. Whether it’s for children or adults, observing the interactions between fish and plants can provide insights into biological processes like nutrient cycling, photosynthesis, and the nitrogen cycle. This makes such a system not only a beautiful addition to your home but also an educational tool that fosters a deeper understanding of natural ecosystems.

Stress Relief:

Lastly, the combination of fish and plants in an aquatic system has been shown to have calming effects, helping to reduce stress and promote relaxation. The gentle movement of fish and the presence of greenery can create a serene environment that enhances mental well-being. This makes an aquatic plant system with fish an ideal addition to spaces where relaxation is key, such as living rooms, offices, or meditation areas. The tranquil atmosphere created by this living system can provide a daily retreat from the stresses of modern life, contributing to overall health and wellness.

Toxicity Caution

When choosing plants for an aquarium, it’s essential to consider both the aquatic and terrestrial components of your setup. Always research the specific needs and potential impacts of each plant to ensure a healthy and safe environment for your fish. Here’s a list of common houseplants to be cautious about or avoid:

1. Dieffenbachia: Contains calcium oxalate crystals which can be toxic to fish if the leaves are damaged and leach into the water.
2. Euphorbia spp. (Poinsettia, Crown of Thorns): The sap from these plants is irritating and toxic, which can be harmful if it enters the aquarium water.
3. Alocasia and Colocasia (Elephant Ear): Similar to Dieffenbachia, these contain calcium oxalate crystals that are toxic to fish and other aquatic animals.
4. Ficus spp. (Fig plants like Fiddle Leaf Fig, Weeping Fig): The sap can be irritating and toxic, potentially causing harm if it contacts the water.
5. Nerium oleander (Oleander): Highly toxic to both humans and animals, including fish, even in small quantities.
6. Ricinus communis (Castor Bean Plant): Contains ricin, a highly toxic substance to both humans and animals.
7. Lilies (Lilium and Hemerocallis spp.): Toxic to cats and potentially harmful to fish, best to avoid in any indoor setting that involves pets or aquatic systems.
8. Spathiphyllum (Peace Lily): Although it can grow in water, it’s important to ensure that only the roots are submerged as the leaves can be toxic if ingested or if they leach into the water.
9. Monstera spp. (Swiss Cheese Plant): Contains calcium oxalate crystals; while popular for hydroponic growth, care should be taken to ensure it does not negatively impact the water quality for fish.
10. Philodendron spp.: Similar to Monstera and Peace Lily, these contain calcium oxalate crystals and should be used with caution around fish.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Root Rot:

Root rot is a common issue in aquatic plant systems, caused primarily by the roots sitting in stagnant or poorly oxygenated water for extended periods. Signs of root rot include a foul odor coming from the water, roots that are dark, mushy, or slimy to the touch, and wilting or yellowing of the plant’s leaves despite being in water. Prevention is key to avoiding root rot, and it starts with regular water changes to keep the environment clean and oxygenated. Ensuring that the container has sufficient space for the roots to spread out and not become cramped can also help, as crowded roots are more prone to rot. If root rot does occur, immediate treatment is necessary. Begin by removing the plant from the water and trimming away any affected roots with sterilized scissors. Rinse the healthy roots under clean water and place the plant in fresh, oxygen-rich water, possibly with a diluted hydrogen peroxide solution to further cleanse the roots. Ensuring good air circulation around the plant and using a container with a wider opening can also help prevent future occurrences.

Algae Growth:

Algae growth is a frequent issue in aquatic systems, especially in containers exposed to direct sunlight. It can make the water appear green or cloudy and may form a slimy layer on the sides of the container or on the plant’s roots. This growth not only detracts from the aesthetic appeal but can also compete with the plant for nutrients and oxygen, potentially harming its health. The primary cause of algae growth is excessive light, especially direct sunlight, which encourages rapid algae proliferation. To prevent algae, place your aquatic plants in an area with bright, indirect light rather than direct sunlight. Regular water changes are also crucial, as stagnant water provides an ideal environment for algae to thrive. If algae do appear, clean the container thoroughly by scrubbing it with a brush and rinsing it with fresh water. You can also add a small amount of hydrogen peroxide to the water to inhibit algae growth, being careful not to use too much, as it can harm the plant. Additionally, keeping the water nutrient levels balanced can help, as excess nutrients can fuel algae growth.

Yellowing Leaves:

Yellowing leaves are a sign that something is off in the plant’s environment, and the cause can often be traced to issues with light, nutrients, or water quality. If the plant isn’t receiving enough light, its leaves may turn yellow as it struggles to photosynthesize properly. Conversely, too much direct sunlight can cause leaf scorching, which also leads to yellowing. Adjusting the plant’s light exposure to ensure it receives bright but indirect light can often resolve this issue. Nutrient deficiencies are another common cause of yellowing leaves, particularly a lack of nitrogen, which is essential for healthy foliage. Adding a balanced liquid fertilizer designed for aquatic plants can replenish the necessary nutrients and restore the plant’s vibrant green color. Water quality is also crucial—tap water with high levels of chlorine or fluoride, or water that hasn’t been changed regularly, can cause leaf yellowing. Switching to filtered or distilled water and ensuring consistent water changes can help maintain optimal water quality. If yellowing persists, inspect the plant for other potential issues like pests or root rot, and address these problems promptly to restore the plant’s health.

Conclusion

Incorporating aquatic plants into your indoor gardening routine offers a unique and low-maintenance way to enjoy lush greenery while reaping the benefits of a self-sustaining ecosystem. Whether you’re growing popular houseplants like Pothos and Peace Lilies or exploring more uncommon options like the ZZ Plant, there are endless possibilities for creating a thriving aquatic plant system. And for those looking to take their setup to the next level, adding fish can enhance both the aesthetics and health of your plants. To get started, be sure to check out our retail site, where you’ll find a selection of plants that are perfectly suited for aquatic growth. These plants not only thrive in water but also bring beauty and tranquility to any space, making them a great addition to your home or office.

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(We want to take a moment to let you know that this article includes affiliate links to products we love and recommend. If you decide to make a purchase through one of these links, we earn a small commission at no extra cost to you. This helps us keep our little business growing and continuing to bring you great content like this. Thank you for your support and happy gardening!)